How to Write Literature Review in Ppt Example

Literature Review Examples

Usually, a literature review tin be described as an objective, curtailed, and critical summary of published research literature pertinent to the subject area being researched in an article. A literature can be an cease in itself (an assay of what is known about a topic) or a prologue to and rationale for engaging in primary research.

Basic Guidelines

The post-obit are guidelines on how to write a literature review:

• Organize the literature review around key topics of concepts. Use headings or topic sentences to convey your organizational principle.

• Tell a story virtually the inquiry. This will aid you with your system.

• Be selective. Incorporate only studies that are pertinent to your subject.

• Synthesize and evaluate.

• Use a summary to assist the reader to relate every section to the wider topic and to clarify your argument's movement. Where have we just been and where are we heading to?

Organizing Tips

When writing your literature review, place background information, for example, explanations of a theoretical model or clinical situation, at sections where information technology volition be most helpful for your readers. For instance, if various researchers have utilized a similar theoretical approach, define that framework earlier reviewing those studies.

Split your literature review into segments with appropriate descriptions, following the guidelines of the documentation system you're using. Your outline provides the basis for this segmentation since it has already clustered studies together nether headings and subheadings.

Conclude each section in your review with a summary section or paragraph. The summary'southward length ought to reverberate the length of the section. Conclude the whole review with a summary that recaps the most important aspects and findings. This final summary is also the section where yous'll brand major comparisons, convey your opinion or critique the capability of research methods and approaches, and identify inconsistencies. Your critique enables you to end your literature review by posing unanswered questions, proposing approaches upcoming inquiry. If your literature review is an introduction to your study, your critique ought to support the rationale for conveying out the research. Yous'll and so state your research question(s) and hypothesis.

Example of a Literature Review Conclusion

Here is an example of a literature review determination:

"The objective of this review was to view the trends in composition studies within the past fifty years and encounter how commentary on student writing has transformed and is nonetheless transforming. It's articulate from the inquiry reviewed that evaluative commentary is widely practiced all through composition programs in universities today. Together with this, it's also evident that the field of limerick studies in regards to the kinds of commentary that students get on their writing is varied and continues to be examined and analyzed to do good both composition students and the order at large. Moreover, cosmetic vs. evaluative commentary is still existence discussed, and continues to exist problematic in the discourse customs of higher composition and besides high school writing as viewed in Bardine et al.'southward research." Assisting students to become meliorate writers is important in our current society with reducing schoolhouse budgets."

Outlining Your Review

Assuming that you want to compose a literature review concerning the efficiency of curt-term group therapy in lowering low among residents of a nursing home. You've now done research and compiled a listing of the areas covered by your research:

• Pharmacological handling of depression

• The elderly in nursing homes

• Measurement tools for depression

• Utilization of psychotherapy among the elderly

• Depression - causes, behavioral manifestations, and furnishings

• Societal attitudes towards aging

• Impacts of group therapy

• Side furnishings of drugs utilized to treat depression

• Psychological issues in the elderly

A possible outline for the literature review can be:

• Low in general

  • Causation theories

  • Behavioral manifestation

  • Impacts

• Depression in the elderly, especially in nursing homes (problem and its scope)

• Impacts of therapy on depression

  • Long-term - disadvantages

  • Short-term

  • Group

The outline moves from full general to specific. As you lot go on downwards the outline, you'll deal with the material in ascent depth, just every bit the significance of the information to your project rises.

Concerns most Sentence Level

Await at how the following literature review example apa impacts readability: sentence forcefulness, focus, placement of citation, active vs. passive voice, and transition.

Original:

"The human relationship that exists between motivation and the determination to attain literacy has been examined by Smith (1975), Jones (1983), and Brown (1988). Motivation entails various expectations (Snappe, 1986; Krkel, 1988). A large study done by Amundson (1981) examined the beliefs people inbound literacy programs, particularly outcome expectations and self-efficacy regardless of obstacles. Paape (1979), and in a follow-up project Johnson (1985), examined resistance to motivational efforts or the trend to overlook information nearly an issue that's hard to admit. A literacy promotion program needs to overcome the inclination to minimize the problem and to assist people to believe."

Revision:

"Research suggests that various factors influence an adult' determination to obtain literacy. Individuals need to be motivated to brand such a determination (Smith, 1975; Jones, 1983; Brown, 1988). Motivation involves at least two types of expectations (Snappe, 1986: Krakel, 1988). One must believe that literacy will positively affect one'south life (event expectations) and also ane can succeed in the endeavour to learn new skills regardless of obstacles (Amunon, 1981). Other enquiry reveals that when the trouble isn't easy to acknowledge, people tend to overlook data about, that is, to resist motivational efforts 9Paape, 1979; Johnson, 1985). All these findings suggest that a literacy promotion program needs to overcome the tendency to minimize the problem and to assist people to believe."

Comparing the to a higher place literature review example paragraphs ought to demonstrate how some rhetorical choices bear upon readability and clarity.

Some guidelines;

• Use headings and topic sentences to inform readers what the subject field is and what bespeak the cloth is contributing to the give-and-take.

• Do not just point to the beingness of literature on the topic; etch about methods or results in the studies yous discuss.

• Test sentences for relevance to the main point.

• Put citations where they don't distract from the line of idea you are presenting.

• Employ agile verbs that are potent and rich in content.

• Make use of transition words.

Fashion Tips

• Your tone should be objective as you lot summarize the research. Don't allow your objectivity to plough your literature review to an annotated bibliography. Instead, point out as yous continue how studies relate to one another (for example, Smith (1988) and Jones (1990) utilized various samples to written report the same phenomenon).

• Try to exist analytical. Composing a review is an practice in comparative thinking. Your critique should exist in your final discussion, where they will exist more efficient and meaning to the reader.

• Connect paragraphs to ane some other, and link studies within paragraphs. Try to make your literature review bonny by coming up with the topic sentence of each paragraph in a mode that it achieves two things: it hooks in a mode to the previous paragraph and too reveals what this new paragraph will be nigh, for example; "In dissimilarity to these studies, which have tried to measure out the corporeality of stress a person is subjected to, diverse researchers are now concentrating on a person's perception of demanding life events."

These connections may demand to be made within a paragraph and also amidst a group of paragraphs, for instance, "Jones (1989) and Smith (1991) were amongst the first persons to investigate the impacts of abuse towards children... Like Jones, Smith also utilized the State-Trait Inventory simply incorporated males in his sample" or "Lee's studies of learned vulnerability support this study's view of modification of behavior every bit state of affairs-specific."

• Select verbs that precisely describe what the research did; hypothesized, questioned, developed, executed, measured, tested, and modified have divergent meanings.

• Utilize directly quotes sparingly. They have up more space than sentences constructed to recap the original. Quotations my comprise concept and vocabulary not familiar to the reader.

• Employ verb tenses accordingly. Utilize the by tense to epitomize studies and procedures, for case, "At least a third of those sampled in i study said that they would both turn down socially and dread violence from someone exhibiting behaviors associated with diverse mental illnesses." Use the present perfect tense to propose that something has happened more one time in the past and may be continuing; for example, "In the last twenty years, researchers take often full-bodied on the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder." Moreover, use the present tense to define theory and instruments, (for case,"Developmental undertakings are cardinal to Piaget'due south theory"), to talk over and critique (for instance,"The utilization of self-report has two main drawbacks"), and to generalize (for example"These findings imply that developed learners adopt cocky-evaluation"). In addition, use the active and passive vocalisation correctly. The agile voice ("Jennifer repeated the test with 3 samples") is not as wordy equally the passive vox ("This test was repeated with iii samples by Jennifer"). Nonetheless, it'south good to use the passive voice when the object is more of import than the subject (for example,"The players from the senior team were shown the video"); when the field of study is unknown ("This phenomenon was first divers in line with xviii ^th century standards"); when it wouldn't be a proficient idea to identify the field of study ("The first set of data wasn't correctly coded"); and when putting the object earlier the subject field more lucidly connects to a previous sentence or paragraph ("...screen techniques that increase job satisfaction. These techniques were also assessed..."). Overuse of the passive voice implies that enquiry is happening by itself and the reader will be confused about who's doing what.

Don'ts of Writing a Literature Review

• Citing supportive sources only - It is crucial that you besides mention those studies that contradict your stance. In other words, mention some dissenting studies and explain why they deviate from your thinking.

• Using non-scholarly articles.

• Depending on straight quotations - Even though it'due south okay to include straight quotations, don't depend on them likewise much.

• Composing a narrowly-focused literature review.

Conclusion

If y'all want to know more nigh how to write a literature review, the information to a higher place will greatly assist you lot. Retrieve, a literature review tin can be termed as discursive prose, not a list summarizing several pieces of literature. Organize your review into segments that nowadays themes or pinpoint trends, including pertinent theory. Your task isn't to list all published material; information technology'due south to synthesize and examine it in line with the guiding concept of your enquiry question or thesis.

To come across how these tips are brought to life, become through an example of literature review. Contact u.s. today for some literature review samples.

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